Derivatização e aproveitamento de um resíduo celulósico da indústria têxtil na purificação de fosfolipídios brutos de soja comparativamente à precipitação com organossolventes

Abstract

Raw soy lecithin is a value-added byproduct of soybean processing that is primarily intended for edible oil and soybean meal. The market value of soya bean lecithin can be increased by enriching/purifying the so-called phospholipid species. These species are widely used mainly in the medical, pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries. The technological know-how in the purification of these compounds goes back decades, and the dominance in the oleaginous production parks rests, due to economicity and practicality, in the use of large volumes of organic solvents. However, other classical variants may also be applied through other precipitating agents such as phosphoric or citric acid. As an innovative, economically viable and environmentally correct alternative, the use of a textile cellulosic residue, the Textile Sweep Cotton Powder derivatized in the forms of diethylaminoethyl cellulose (PAVT-DEAE+), carboxymethyl cellulose (PAVT-CM-) and aminoethyl cellulose (PAVT-AE+) for adsorption and desorption of phospholipids, with initial disposal of the undesired components (neutral triacylglycerols and free fatty acids). With the combination of two improved techniques, it was possible to verify that the use of this residue was effective in enriching the phospholipids. The analysis of the results was done through thin layer chromatography, agile technique for providing the analysis of several samples in up to one hour, inexpensive for not relying on equipment and reagents of high cost and versatile for the possibility of the easy change of the mobile phase to hone the separation of the compounds of interest. Using thin-layer chromatography, it was possible to visualize the qualitative profile of several samples at the same time, and in the samples that concluded the work the quantification by high performance liquid chromatography was quantified by means of which the content of phosphatidylcholine (phospholipid with higher crude lecithin content), increased from 0.2452 mg.mL-1 in crude soya lecithin to 0.3541 mg.mL-1 in the first purified sample and 0.2823 mg.mL-1 in the second purified sample obtained.