Utilização de geotecnologias para caracterização dos canais de ordem zero da APA na Bacia Hidrográfica Rio Piava - Umuarama, PR

Abstract

The Environmental Protection Area Piava River in the municipality of Umuarama - PR requires constant attention, given its importance in terms of being the source of drinking water that is distributed to more than 100 thousand inhabitants. Because of this, the area is the target of constant actions aimed at its preservation and also research whose results support management and planning actions in the area. The reasons for concern are mainly related to the preservation of vegetation that borders the water bodies and the control of erosive processes, which, if they occur, can carry sediment and other materials into the river channel, promoting siltation or pollution of the area. Expanding knowledge about the areas prone to erosion and the emergence of temporal drainage channels, denominated as zero order channels, can support planning and management actions of river basins. In this context, the research aimed to use spatial data and geotechnology tools that allow to infer about the presence of zero order channels and longitudinal enlargement of humid areas of the Rio Piava River of the municipality of Umuarama - PR. The methodology consisted of: a) Acquisition of cartographic materials and remote sensing data and, b) Application of morphometric indices (Topographic Wetness Index - TWI and Stream Power Index SPI). The results indicated the areas prone to erosive processes, as well as the humid areas and the zero order channels. It was observed that some humid areas and zero order are underestimated in terms of protection, such as with vegetation cover. It is recommended to protect these areas with expansion of the range of marginal vegetation and in some cases, the terracing, to avoid erosive processes. These actions can contribute to the expansion of water stay in the basin, and can improve the water quality of the basin. The results presented demonstrate the fundamental aid of GIS tools for the study of river basins, enabling analysis for future decision-making for the benefit of society and the environment.