Mulheres na física: uma análise dos livros didáticos de física do PNLD 2018

Abstract

Gender relations have gained greater prominence in social issues, as a result of the expansion of female representation in several fields considered as "masculine", but it reveals that there are still many inequalities related to gender issues. Throughout the centuries, science was seen as an activity carried out exclusively by men, starting to change this concept only from the twentieth century. However, there are still stereotypes related to the profile of the scientist being represented by a male figure. The school curriculum is a possible disseminator of particular and interested views of this culture. Thus, considering that the didactic book is one of the main curricula, with a strong influence in the formation of high school students, this work had as objective to analyze how the female figures that collaborated with the construction of this field of the knowledge are represented. A qualitative research was carried out, using the documentary analysis technique in the textbooks of Physics approved and selected in the National Program of the Didactic Book (PNLD) of 2018, analyzing the aspects of the approach according to the categories: Character identification, Context of citation space, citation space, and citation circumstance. The analysis of these categories allows to verify the content of the textbook from social and political questions that involve the constitution of the content present in it. It has been found that the involvement or recognition of women focuses on the most recent achievements and discoveries in the history of science. All the collections of textbooks analyzed present female figures, in some of them there are brief gender discussions about the role of women in science. On the other hand, it is not all works that make such an approach, and yet, their texts are subject to the choice and position of the teacher, which does not prevent the transmission of gender stereotypes in the school environment through the hidden curriculum.