Saneamento básico: estudo de caso no assentamento rural Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Mariluz, Paraná

Abstract

Investments in basic sanitation in Brazil were destined mostly to large urban centers, which differs from the reality of the rural populations that suffer from the deficit of these services in the country. The precarious infrastructure exposes the population to different levels of contamination, which compromises public health. In this way, the main reason of this work was to analyze the basic sanitation infrastructure in the Cateto community in the rural settlement Nossa Senhora Aparecida, located in the municipality of Mariluz, Paraná. The Cateto community had 53 lots and the study covered 17% of the community, in which a socio-environmental questionnaire was applied to obtain information on the profile and characterization of families, their sources of income and forms of production, availability, access and treatment of water, the practices to treat the effluents and the final disposal of solid waste generated in the settlement. Samples of water used for the human consumption were collected and, later, physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed. The settlement has no water treatment and distribution system, domestic sewage treatment systems and solid waste collection. Thus, in the supply sources, 44,4% use water eye, 33,3% tubular well and 22,2% artesian well. In the regard to the disposal of domestic sewage there is a predominance of the use of rudimentary cesspits. In relation to solid waste, most of the settlers make the disposal in an inadequate way, directing the waste to the pit, burying or burning. The water quality results indicated that the parameters of ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite of all samples collected are within the limits established by the legislation. However, it presented higher values of total phosphorus to the limit defined by Ordinance n°2914, indicating also positive results for total coliforms at 100% points of collection and absence of Escherichia coli in only 11,1% of the lots studied. In this sense, it has been verified that there are still challenges to be overcome so that the sanitation sector is able to cover the community of Cateto and provide improvements in the quality of life of the settlers.