Levantamento florístico das espécies de trepadeiras no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

Climbers are plants that use other plants as growing support end being considered, in some cases, structural parasites. The importance of climbers is recognized in several areas, whether in the forest studies, as weeds or in the ecological aspects, as important plants for the ecosystem. The “Parque Nacional do Iguaçu” covers 14 municipalities in Paraná and is the Conservation Unit with the largest remaining area of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in southern Brazil, containing great diversity of animal and plant species. One of the lesser known groups of plants in Paraná are the vines.In this sense, the present study had as objective the floristic survey of climbing species in the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná - Brazil, complementing the existing list carried out in previous years, recording the dispersion syndromes, climbing habits of the species, in which they were adapted the new terminology, and mapping of the trails covered.To collect the botanical material, trails were followed in the interior and edges of the park, and the edges of some rivers belonging to it. The material was collected and herborized according to the usual techniques in floristics. Mourão (HCF).This study adds 73 species of vines to previous surveys. Currently, the vine flora of the Iguaçu National Park has 184 species, distributed in 46 botanical families.The family with the highest number of species was Bignoniaceae (20 species), followed by Fabaceae (17 species), Sapindaceae (13 species), Convolvulaceae (13 species) and Apocynaceae (12 species).Regarding the dispersion syndrome, anemochory predominated in 45% of the species.The fickle climbing habit was predominant in 41.7% of the species. Species considered rare, endangered, and a critically endangered species were identified, with the first record for western Paraná, Serjania hatschbachii. Two species were considered invasive: Sicyos edulis, ound on the edge of the PARNA, Picada Benjamim, and Distimake tuberosus as an invasive invasive near the Hotel das Cataratas do Iguaçu.