Caracterização experimental de parâmetros operacionais em processos de limpeza usando o método ultrassônico

Abstract

The ultrasonic method is one of the most modern methods of cleaning today. The particular advantages are maximum cleaning of the worked surfaces in minimum time, without additional manual work and without damaging items to be cleaning. This method has its success based on two physical principles: piezeletricity and cavitation. Piezeletricity is the electrical charge accumulated in solid materials (such as crystals, ceramics, biological material such as bones and proteins) in response to an applied mechanical force.Cavitation is the formation of vapor or gas bubbles in a liquid by the effect of a local pressure reduction. These two physical principles are related by a transducer, which consists of a device that converts mechanical energy in electrical energy or the oposite. In its constructive form, it has pairs of piezoelectric materials, which when subjected to an electric current, vibrate in order to produce ultrasonic waves, generating the effect of cavitation. The objective of the present work will be to deepen the general knowledge about the phenomena of cavitation and piezeletricidade applied to the ultrasonic cleaning.