Factores asociados a las conductas hipercinéticas en la población infantojuvenil y su repercusión familiar y educacional.

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperkinetic disorder is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders in children, with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 3.4% to 7.2%; and a strong hereditary component in its etiology; however environmental factors and gene-environment interaction also play an important role in its etiology. Objective: To describe the factors associated with hyperkinetic disorder in the child and adolescent population, and their family and educational impact through review and analysis of bibliographic articles. Methodology: This work is done through systematic research in scientific search engines such as Pubmed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, then we selected articles of importance published in the last 5 years. Result: It is determined that the hyperkinetic disorder presents many etiologies, with greater relevance for the genetics factor and an important participation of the environment factor and the gene - environment interaction, with significant negative repercussions at the family and academic levels. Conclusion: In addition to the hereditary factor there is a greater susceptibility to present a diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder the offspring of pregnant women who are exposed to tobacco, lead, pesticides OP (phosphorus organs), mercury, in addition to paracetamol for long period, who have ovarian syndrome polycystic, maternal stress, alcoholism, poor iodine diet and multivitamins; and premature children, very low birth weight, who consume excessively processed foods, a diet low in Omega - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which live in conflictive family environments; they are prone to low academic performance, problematic interfamilial relationships, and in adulthood to professional and interpersonal problems.