Diseño e implementación de un sistema de pruebas en estaciones de carga para vehículos eléctricos en líneas de producción

Abstract

This thesis details the design and implementation of a mode 2 charging station test system for electric vehicles (EVs). The correct operation of EVs is studied by a simulation of their stages of charge. In the implementation of the test system, standards and protocols already established in the automotive industry of EVs and charging stations are incorporated for their connection and communication. In the same way, protection and safety devices are inserted into the system to maintain the integrity of the operators and connected equipment. Two different international standards provide bases for the design of the test system. The first one, IEC 61851, describes the types of connectors used, characteristics of charging modes, connection configurations and safety requirements for specific implementations in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). The second one, IEC 62196, specifies the connectors, couplers and inputs of electric vehicles with their respective conductive load. The charging station test system is designed with the Schneider TM251MESE model programmable logic controller (PLC) and a Schneider Magelis HMIGTO4310 model humanmachine interface (HMI) which manages the entire control scheme and dry contacts (switches) through its touch screen and communications taking place through the TCP/IP protocol with the PLC. For the communication of the vehicle with the single-phase charging station in mode 2, a circuit diagram of the control pilot established in the IEC 61581-1 standard was designed between the EVSE and the EV, which presents all connection states of the vehicle with the station. The purpose of this implementation is to check the correct operation of the charging stations which starts with the connection stage, vehicle plug-in presence (PP), communication with the EV and start of the charging process at the maximum power supply capacity of the charging station according to the gauge of wire used. In addition, a residual current device (RCD) scheme is implemented to simulate current leakage to ground which must be detected by the charging station to proceed to disconnection