Frecuencia del cromosoma Filadelfia en pacientes de SOLCA (Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer) - Cuenca con diagnóstico de leucemia en el periodo 2014-2018, Cuenca 2021

Abstract

Background: Leukemia is a neoplasm with distinct clinical, cytogenetic and molecular features. Malignant transformation of a myeloid or lymphoid hematopoietic cell and subsequent clonal proliferation of cells that displace normal hematopoiesis occupy more than 20% of the cellularity in bone marrow, peripheral blood and other tissues. The translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 (Philadelphia or Ph chromosome) was the first gene to be described as the cause of hemato-oncologic neoplasms. Objective: To determine the frequency of the Philadelphia chromosome in SOLCA patients diagnosed with leukemia in the period 2014-2018. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study, in which the analysis of demographic data and associated factors of patients who underwent BCR- ABL gene screening and with a diagnosis of leukemia in the period 2014- 2018 in SOLCA- Cuenca was performed. The data were collected through SOLCA's information system by applying a form, once the information was obtained, the interpretation was performed using tables and graphs. Result: The results obtained showed that the frequency of Philadelphia chromosome in the period 2014-2018 was 94.5%, the age group with the highest number of positive cases was between the ages of 41 to 50 years old with a percentage of 21.4%, with a predominance in the male sex in 57.7% and presenting mainly in chronic myeloid leukemia in 92.1%, on the other hand no statistically significant relationship was found with respect to the place of origin.