Prevalencia de anemia microcítica hipocrómica en niños de 1 a 5 años atendidos en el Hospital Básico de Sucúa, 2017

Abstract

Hypochromic microcytic anemia is one of the major nutritional problems suffered by the world population and mostly affects children and women of childbearing age (1). GENERAL OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of hypochromic microcytic anemia in children aged one to five years old treated at the Hospital Básico de Sucúa, 2017. METODOLOGY The study was observational descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional performed in children from one to five years old attended in the hospitalization area of the Basic Hospital of Sucúa in the period of January - December 2017. The data was processed and analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 15 free version for Windows, Excel and Word. RESULTS The universe was 150 boys and 83 girls. The prevalence of hypochromic microcytic anemia (m-H) was 20.2%. Mild anemia accounted for 23.2%. Male sex had a higher condition with 74.5%. 91.5% of one-year-old children suffered from m-H anemia. 83% of children with m-H anemia still did not enter the education system. The m-H anemia mostly affected the rural area (51.1%). The Shuar ethnic group was the most affected with the mentioned anemia in 68.1%, followed by mestizo with 31.9%. CONCLUSIONS Hypochromic microcytic anemia remains as a public health problem due to the high prevalence found and it has become difficult to eliminate it.