Geometric morphometrics of endophytic oviposition traces of Odonata (Eocene, Argentina)

Abstract

The insertion of the Odonata ovipositor in the plant tissue generates a scar that surrounds the eggs (trace). In insects, individual egg traces are known to vary in size, but their variation in individual shape is mostly unknown. Twenty four specimens were obtained from the Laguna del Hunco (Lower Eocene, Chubut) and Río Pichileufú (Middle Eocene, Río Negro), Argentina, which had 1346 oviposition traces (MEF Collection). For the first time, a study of the shape and size of a large number of individual Odonata endophytic egg traces was carried out using traditional (general and mixed linear models) and geometric morphometrics (Fourier elliptical series) to elucidate whether there are changes in size or shape of the individual endophytic egg traces associated with the substrate used at the time of oviposition, if the Lower Eocene traces have varied in relation to those of the Middle Eocene, and if the ichnological classification (Paleoovoidus arcuatus, P. bifurcatus and P. rectus) reflects such variations. We found differences in size ( p < 0.05), but not in shape, in relation to the variables studied. This could reflect that the shape of Odonata eggs (inferred from the traces), unlike their size, could have a strong evolutionary constraint already observed since the Eocene.