Disorders of sex development and hypogonadism: Genetics, mechanism, and therapies

Abstract

Disorders of sex development (DSD) and hypogonadism are genetically heterogeneous and include a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Recent advances in biology and medicine have introduced impressive improvements in both clinical management and structured research, mainly in new technologies to study their genetic features and the mechanisms underlying their pathologies. Knowledge and understanding of these conditions have led to the development of successful therapies and novel tools to characterize them and provide better care to patients. Therefore, both DSD and hypogonadism represent an important field in research and clinical setting.