Species of Sapindus (Sapindaceae) are widespread throughout the tropics (e.g., Brazil, China and India). The present report is based on available data and references on species of this genus. The main substances found in plants of the genus Sapindus are acetylated triterpenic saponin and acyclic sesquiterpene oligoglycosides. These plants have antimicrobial, spermicidal, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, molluscicidal, fungicidal and anti-inflammatory activity. In Brazil, the fruit of Sapindus saponaria L. is employed in folk medicine in the treatment of ulcers and external wounds.