Caracterização microbiológica, bioquímica e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Aeromonas spp. isoladas de Piavuçu (Leporinus macrocephalus)

Abstract

Knowledge of the nutritional value of fish by the world population has motivated, in the last years, the greater demand for this food. In the state of Mato Grosso, one of the species most found in both rivers and fish farms is the piavuçu (Leporinus macrocephalus), a fish very appreciated by the population of Mato Grosso because of its tasty meat, however, it is necessary to know its microbiological quality , which includes coliforms, Mesophilic Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria, Salmonella spp and Aeromonas spp. In addition, greater attention has been given to diseases in fish caused by Aeromonas spp. and the treatment of these with antimicrobials, which, if done in an erroneous way can cause resistance to the most diverse active principles. The objective of this work was to investigate the hygienic-sanitary quality and verify the occurrence of Aeromonas spp. Bacteria, biochemical characterization and antimicrobial resistance of piavuçus captured in river and fish culture. Eleven specimens of extractive fishery from the Cuiabá river and 22 specimens of the same species cultivated in captivity of two different fish farms (A and B) were evaluated, 11 of each property. Microbiological analyzes consisted of: count of Mesophilic Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria (BHAM), counts of total and thermotolerant coliforms, detection of Salmonella spp. and occurrence of Aeromonas spp., as well as its biochemical characterization and antimicrobial resistance. For BHAM, coliforms and Salmonella spp, the results were positive, since these were within the limits established by legislation and literature. In relation to the bacteria of the genus Aeromonas spp., 81.82% occurred in the river piavuçus, 18.19% in the A fishery and 72.72% in the B fishery. The species found were: A. trota, A veronii bivar sober, A. veronii bivar veronii and A. hydrophila. In the river fish, 100% of the colonies of Aeromonas spp. were resistant to cephalothin, 13.33% were resistant to cefoxitin 26.66% were intermediate for the same antimicrobial and 6.67% were intermediates for sulfazotrim. In the isolates of fish culture A, 100% were resistant to cephalothin and in fish B, this number was 35.72% for the same compound. The hygienic-sanitary quality of the fish of the three analyzed sites was positive, however, for Aeromonas spp. the results showed greater occurrence in river piavuçus, as well as their greater resistance to antimicrobials. This shows a risk to public health since the population of the Cuiabana region has by culture, and greater accessibility, piavuçus caught in the river