As políticas penais e de segurança pública de FHC a Bolsonaro: um estudo sobre rupturas e continuidades na Nova República

Abstract

This dissertation deals with the production of criminal and public security policies in the New Republic. Through bibliographic review and analysis of biographies, speeches, government intention programs, and normative acts and bills issued by the Federal Executive Branch from 1997 (year in which the National Secretariat of Public Security was formed) to 2020, one can find some elements of continuities and ruptures. The study falls within the sociology of punishment with a focus on the analytical framework created by David Garland. Following his analytical model, it is possible to affirm that from FHC to Temer the answers regarding the question of an increase in crime have a character that is sometimes more reactive, sometimes more assuring. In addition to this, in the period between the aforementioned presidents, to a greater or lesser extent, efforts were made to create instruments for the development of public security policies. This model, however, proved to be limited when analyzing the current experience. In Bolsonaro, one finds a fourth type, the anti-modern response. These dynamics of criminal and public security policy production in Brazil are explained on the one hand, by a more global trend such as Modern Penal Rationality supported also by punitive populism and is marked by the context of neoliberalism; and on the other hand, in the particularities of the country, which are marked by a late - and never concluded - modernization process and low-intensity citizenship.