Normatização da arborização urbana: produção, conflitos e perspectivas

Abstract

In recent years there has been an increase in the production of knowledge about the ecological, economic, cultural and social benefits of afforestation, which demonstrates the strength of the theme. However, to a lesser extent are studies dedicated to relating urban forest to the urbanization process and to the production of standards. The general objective of the thesis is to deepen the knowledge about the process of standardization of urban afforestation, considering its advances, contradictions, limitations, and conflicts. Complementarily, the objective is to understand the production of urban space and the influence on the standard production of urban forest in Brazilian cities; analyze the historical trajectory of the urban forest standards in São Carlos (SP), and verify compatibility and conflicts between urban and environmental standards in the elaboration of sidewalk tree projects in the studied municipality. For that, qualitative methods of interdisciplinary character, scientific essay, documentary analysis and project by scenarios were used. The results present theoretical and critical reflections that demonstrate that part of the problems of urban forest, in Brazilian cities, has roots in the marketing production of urban soil as well as in the incongruities of urban and environmental thinking materialized in the standards. Twenty-seven standards on urban forest of São Carlos were identified that demonstrate increased interest in the theme. However, breaks and gaps in the continuity of the formulation of standards were identified. Fifty front facade scenarios were produced for different types of urban plots, introducing different elements of urban infrastructure: 82% of the scenarios presented conflicts. When analyzing the lots of Social Interest Housing, 100% of the lots presented conflicts. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the construction of scientific, technical and political knowledge in the field of Brazilian Urban Forest. The process of producing cities is a social construction; to improve it, it is necessary to understand complex, systemic and interdependent relationships, identifying the conditions that support and condition them, in order to reflect and modify it.