dc.contributor | Silva, Gisele Sampaio [UNIFESP] | |
dc.contributor | Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) | |
dc.creator | Ricarte, Irapua Ferreira [UNIFESP] | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-01-19T16:37:25Z | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-10-07T21:32:00Z | |
dc.date.available | 2021-01-19T16:37:25Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-10-07T21:32:00Z | |
dc.date.created | 2021-01-19T16:37:25Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-06-27 | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/59967 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/4029879 | |
dc.description.abstract | Introduction: The potential mechanisms by which a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) can present with cerebrovascular disease are numerous, including in situ thrombosis and embolism from distant sites. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) may be a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with APS, helping to stratify the risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events in this population. The characteristics of the TCD examination and its correlations with neuroimaging tests in patients with APS had not been previously systematically evaluated. Objectives: To describe the following characteristics of TCD examination: frequency of microembolic signal (MES), frequency of right-left shunt (RLS), presence of intracranial stenosis and cerebral vasomotor reactivity in a group of patients with primary APS (PAPS) and secondary APS (SAPS) in comparison with patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy volunteers; to determine the frequency of abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the studied patients and to correlate these abnormalities with TCD findings; to evaluate the association between history of cerebrovascular disease and TCD findings. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of APS (primary and secondary) comparing with a group of patients with SLE and healthy controls matched by age and sex. All patients with adequate acoustic window were evaluated with a standardized TCD protocol performed by the same neurologist, including: basic exam with evaluation of mean velocities and pulsatility indexes of the intracranial arteries; assessment of cerebral vasoreactivity through the apnea test and microbubble test for RLS detection. After TCD examination, the patients underwent brain MRI. Results: A total of 94 subjects were included in the study (27 patients with SLE, 24 patients with PAPS, 22 patients with SAPS and 21 controls). MES were more frequently found in patients with SLE when compared to controls and patients with APS (PAPS: 4.3%, SAPS: 0%, SLE: 17.4%, controles: 0%, p=0.03). Patients with APS had a higher frequency of RLS when compared to volunteers (63.6% versus 38.1%, p=0.05). Breath holding index (BHI) values tended to be lower in patients with SAPS than in control subjects and patients with PAPS and SLE (p=0.06). Brain MRI findings were similar between the groups, except for the frequency of lacunar infarction, which was higher in patients with SAPS (p = 0.022). Patients with intracranial stenosis detected by TCD had a higher frequency of territorial infarction (40% versus 7.5%, p = 0.02), lacunar infarction (40% versus 11.3%, p=0.075) and borderzone infarction (20% versus 1.9%, p=0.034). Conclusions: Patients with SLE had a higher frequency of MES than patients with APS and healthy controls, which may suggest an effect of anticoagulant therapy used in patients with APS. Patients with APS had a higher frequency of RLS when compared to the control group, which alerts for the need of cardiological investigation in patients with APS and cerebrovascular disease. The frequency of abnormalities in brain MRI was similar between groups, except for the frequency of lacunar infarction. Patients with intracranial stenosis detected by TCD presented a higher frequency of territorial, lacunar and borderzone infarcts, suggesting that the evaluation of the intracranial vasculature should not be neglected in patients with APS and stroke. Key words: antiphospholipid syndrome, transcranial Doppler, microembolic signal, stroke, magnetic resonance, intracranial stenosis, right-left shunt. Methods: This was a cross – sectional study that evaluated consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of APS (primary and secondary) comparing with a group of patients with SLE and healthy controls matched by age and sex. All patients with adequate acoustic window were evaluated with a standardized TCD protocol performed by the same neurologist, including: basic exam with evaluation of mean velocities and pulsatility indexes of the intracranial arteries; assessment of cerebral vasoreactivity through the apnea test and microbubble test for RLS detection. After TCD examination, the patients underwent brain MRI. | |
dc.description.abstract | Introdução: Os potenciais mecanismos pelos quais um paciente com síndrome do anticorpo antifofolípide (SAAF) pode apresentar doença cerebrovascular são inúmeros, incluindo trombose in situ e embolia de sítios distantes. O Doppler transcraniano (DTC) pode ser um instrumento útil na avaliação dos pacientes com SAAF, auxiliando na estratificação de risco de eventos isquêmicos cerebrovasculares nessa população. As características do exame de Doppler transcraniano e suas correlações com exames de neuroimagem em pacientes com SAAF não haviam sido sistematicamente avaliadas previamente. Objetivos: Descrever os seguintes achados de DTC: frequência de microêmbolos espontâneos (MES), frequência de shunt entre as circulações direita-esquerda (SDE), presença de estenose intracraniana e reatividade vasomotora cerebral, em uma população de pacientes com SAAF primário (SAAFp) e SAAF secundário (SAAFs) e comparar com uma população de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e com voluntários saudáveis; determinar a frequência de alterações na ressonância magnética (RM) de encéfalo dos pacientes estudados e correlacionar essas alterações com os achados de DTC; avaliar se há associação entre história de doença cerebrovascular e os achados do DTC. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou consecutivamente pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de SAAF (primário e secundário) comparando com um grupo de pacientes com LES e um grupo de controles saudáveis pareados para idade e sexo. Todos pacientes com janela acústica adequada foram submetidos a um protocolo de DTC padronizado e sequencial realizados pelo mesmo neurossonologista, que incluiu: exame básico com avaliação das velocidades médias e índices de pulsatilidade das artérias intracranianas; avaliação da vasorreatividade cerebral através do teste de apneia e teste de microbolhas para detecção de SDE. Após realização do DTC, os pacientes com SAAFp, SAAFs e LES realizaram RM de encéfalo e angio-RM cervical. Resultados: Foram incluídos 94 indivíduos no estudo (22 pacientes com SAAFp, 24 pacientes com SAAFs, 27 pacientes com LES e 21 controles). MES foi mais frequentemente encontrado em pacientes com LES quando comparados com pacientes com SAAF e controles saudáveis (p=0,06). Os achados de RM de encéfalo foram semelhantes entre os grupos, com exceção da frequência de infarto lacunar, que foi maior no grupo SAAFs (p = 0,022). Pacientes com estenose intracraniana detectada pelo DTC tiveram uma maior frequência de infarto territorial (40% versus 7,5%, p=0,02), infarto lacunar (40% versus 11,3%, p=0,075) e infarto de fronteira (20% versus 1,9%, p=0,034). Conclusões: Pacientes com LES tiveram uma maior frequência de MES do que pacientes com SAAF e controles saudáveis, o que pode sugerir um efeito da terapia anticoagulante utilizada nos pacientes com SAAF. Pacientes com SAAF apresentaram maior frequência de SDE quando comparados ao grupo controle, o que alerta para necessidade de investigação cardiológica em pacientes com SAAF e doença cerebrovascular. A frequência de alterações na RM de encéfalo foi semelhante entre os grupos, com exceção da frequência de infarto lacunar. Pacientes com estenose intracraniana detectada pelo DTC apresentaram uma maior frequência de infartos territoriais, infartos lacunares e infartos de fronteira, sugerindo que a avaliação da árvore vascular intracraniana não deve ser negligenciada em pacientes com SAAF e história de acidente vascular cerebral. 0%, LES: 17,4%, controles: 0%, p=0,03). Pacientes com SAAF tiveram maior frequência de SDE quando comparados com voluntários saudáveis (63,6% contra 38,1%, p=0,05). Os índices de apneia (IA) apresentaram uma tendência de terem valores menores nos pacientes com (SAAFp: 4,3%, SAAFs: SAAFs do que nos pacientes com SAAFp, LES e controles 8 | |
dc.language | por | |
dc.publisher | Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) | |
dc.rights | Acesso restrito | |
dc.subject | Antiphopholipid Syndrome | |
dc.subject | Transcranial Doppler | |
dc.subject | Micro Embolic Signal | |
dc.subject | Stroke | |
dc.subject | Magnetic Resonance | |
dc.subject | Intracranial Stenosis | |
dc.subject | Right-Left Shunt | |
dc.subject | Síndrome Do Anticorpo Antifosfolípide | |
dc.subject | Doppler Transcraniano | |
dc.subject | Sinal De Microêmbolo | |
dc.subject | Acidente Vascular Cerebral | |
dc.subject | Ressonância Magnética | |
dc.subject | Estenose Intracraniana | |
dc.subject | Shunt Direita-Esquerda | |
dc.title | Doença cerebrovascular em pacientes com síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolípide: avaliação pelo Doppler transcraniano e ressonância magnética | |
dc.type | Tese de doutorado | |