Immunohistochemical expression of S-100 beta in choroidal melanomas

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the expressivity of S-100 beta antibodies in choroidal melanomas and to compare it with that of S-100 protein and HMB-45.Design: Twenty-seven choroidal melanoma specimens obtained from the McGill University Ophthalmic Pathology Registry were classified as spindle cell, epithelioid cell or mixed-cell type. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the standard peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique with monoclonal HMB-45, polyclonal S-100, polyclonal S-100 beta and monoclonal S-100 alpha beta antibodies in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections.Outcome measure: Intensity of immunoreaction. The result was considered positive when at least five focal areas of stained cells were observed within the tumour.Results: All 27 tumours were positive for HMB-45, 19 (70%) for S-100, 23 (85%) for S-100 beta, and 21 (78%) for S-100 alpha beta. No correlation was found between the intensity of the immunoreaction and cell classification,Conclusions: HMB-45 is the most reliable marker for choroidal melanomas, S-100 beta is a more sensitive marker than S-100 for choroidal melanomas regardless of cell type. Contrary to previous reports, S-100 beta should not be considered a useful immunomarker to differentiate between primary choroidal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the choroid.