O desenvolvimento é para todos: ações afirmativas na Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Direito sob uma perspectiva racial

Abstract

The present dissertation proposes to analyze the affirmative policy of reserving vacancies, within post-graduate programs in Law in public higher education institutions, as a tool to combat structural and structural racism, aiming to promote development in Brazil, from the democratic perspective of the Constitution of 1988. To this end, the importance of the racial perspective in the elaboration and execution of projects in this field is explored, as well as the theories of development, in order to promote racial equality and development, which are objectives of the Brazilian Republic. Thus, the inclusion of black people is analyzed after the publication of Ordinance nº 132016 by the Ministry of Education – MEC that provides for affirmative actions in post-graduate programs. Considering that Brazil is a country where most of the population is black and that there is a deep inequality between racial groups, the work focuses on stricto sensu postgraduate programs, due to the rigorous requirements for accessing this educational level, opting to study Law programs, given that it is a historically elitist area of knowledge. This is an exploratory research, carried out through literature review, using the dialectical method. The study also made use of the interpretation of quantitative data to observe the presence of black people in these programs, as well as interviews with students to qualitatively understand exclusion factors and development perspectives for this group through education. Finally, it is concluded that, despite having the status of an objective of the Brazilian State, racial equality does not materialize within Law’s Masters and PhD programs, because, compared to whites, black people are a minority among students, demonstrating that racial quotas alone are not enough to promote the inclusion and development of this group. Furthermore, it is clear that the access of black people, even with the adoption of affirmative actions in the selection processes, does not occur without the emergence of obstacles related to institutional racism and socioeconomic issues. On the other hand, those who access it experience economic, social and cultural transformations in their lives, which highlights the importance of continuing with racial affirmative policies, as well as the need to make them more effective.