Gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil na cidade de Natal: uma análise à luz da sustentabilidade

Abstract

Among the various humans activities, civil construction is, nowadays, one of the ones that most cause environmental impacts, not only due to the extensive use of raw material and the intrinsic transformation it produces in the environment, but mainly due to the inadequate disposal of construction and demolition waste- CDW. Despite the publication of laws, policies and standards related to the issue of solid wastes, such as CONAMA Resolution No. 307 in 2002 and the National Solid Waste Policy, in 2010, still is possible see difficulties in the control, management and inspection of this waste, either by Government, either by the private sector. The main objective of this research was to understand and reflect on how, currently, the management of construction and demolition waste – CDW generated in the city of Natal/RN. In the first moment of the research, in order to know the legal and institutional organization of this management, the methodology used was the bibliographic and documentary research. In a second step, aiming to contrast the management practice with this organization, observational field research was carried out and semi structured interviews were applied to some managers involved in the process of managing the RCC in Natal/RN; such as the public cleaning agency, CDW transport companies, landfill and recycling plant. As a result, gaps were found in the legislation and in the alignment of management practices with the guidelines contained in federal regulations. The city of Natal/RN does not have a Municipal Civil Construction Waste Management Plan, an instrument that must be prepared by the municipalities, in accordance with CONAMA Resolution No. 307. Altogether, there are 691 points of irregular dispositions of solid residues, resulting in a cost of two million per month for the cleaning and disposal of these residues. The municipal public cleaning agency collects an average of 8,150 tons of construction waste per month, which are currently destined to a CDW landfill located within an Environmental Protection Area - EPA. The municipal public cleaning agency has demonstrated that it adopts corrective actions instead of preventive measures, opting for the final disposal of waste in the first place and not considering or encouraging practices for the reuse and recycling of RCC. As the most relevant conclusions, it can be stated that the efficiency in the management of solid waste in Natal depends, above all, on effort and political will, with care in the application of the rules and inspection. It was also noticed the urgency of a consistent and long-term program of environmental education, which makes the population and managers aware of the importance of an integrated and environmentally sustainable management of construction and demolition waste.