Efeito da fragmentação da paisagem sobre o Guigó da Caatinga, uma espécie de primata endêmica e ameaçada de extinção

Abstract

Callicebus barbarabrownae (Hershkovitz 1990) is a Caatinga endemic primate species, located in the states of Bahia and Sergipe, classified as "Critically Endangered". Nowadays, there are only about 250 adult individuals, which are subdivided into small populations. No individual is found in Integral Protection Conservation Units. The main threats to this species are the loss of habitat by urbanization and agriculture, as well as hunting. The objective of this work is to evaluate the distance of occupied fragments from highways (proximity to humans and hunting risk ) and from rivers (availability of resource and probability of more vegetation, for longer time). Fragments with and without occupancy were defined obtained from a satellite image of vegetation index (Hansen et al., 2013. Science 342). Occupancy data were obtained from the literature from the last 10 years. Highways and rivers were obtained in Brazil official sites. Analyzes were made in QGIS program. We considered a total of 56 fragments with occurrence. The maximum distance was 20,918,899 meters from highways and 6,798,811 meters from rivers. For comparison, 45 fragments with no confirmed occurrence in the distribution area were chosen at random. The maximum distance from highways was 8,703,857 meters and 4,522,367 meters for rivers. Fragments with occurrence were significantly higher than those without occurrence (U = 564,00 gl = 1 and p < 0,05). There were significant differences between the distances to highways (U = 1.689,00, gl = 1 and p = 0,003) and rivers (U = 1.548,50, gl = 1 and p = 0,046) between the fragments with and without occurrence. In this way, fragments with occurrence of the species are larger and closer to the rivers and highways and may suffer from human action.