Rotação e atividade de estrelas F, G e K observadas pelos satélites CoRoT e Kepler

Abstract

The question of how singular the Sun appears to be when compared to a class of solar-like stars in terms of their activity and rotation has been the subject of intense research over the last three decades. Recently, CoRoT and Kepler space telescopes have observed countless stars (163,000 stars with CoRoT and 400,000 stars with Kepler) with unprecedented richness and accuracy, giving us the opportunity to study rotation and stellar variability based on curves of light for thousands of solar-type stars (types F, G and K). Light curves for these classes of stars usually show fluctuations due to rotational modulation caused by magnetic characteristics (starspots and/or faculae) on the stellar surface, but also depend on the intensity of the magnetic cycle. In this thesis, we present measurements of the period of rotation of numerous stars that are in the solar neighbourhood and that were observed by CoRoT and Kepler satellites. The rotation periods were detected by unifying the autocorrelation function, Lomb-Scargle periodogram and wavelet. In this sense, we also identify a set of analog and twin solar stars of the Kepler mission, from which we derive their rotation periods and ages based on the gyrochronology. We used a semi- Lorentzian-type profile to model the power spectrum of a star in order to find an indicator of stellar activity. Based on solar physics, we compared the temporal variability of total solar irradiance (TSI) with the variation of the solar rotation period determined over a solar cycle. We used this analysis in the interpretation of the variability of the CoRoT and Kepler light curves to understand the connection between the structures responsible for the intrinsic evolution of the light curve modulation, as well as to determine the impact of the magnetic cycle on the measurements of the rotation period for F, G and K type stars.