Habite: anteprojeto de uma habitação temporária para situações emergenciais

Abstract

Recent decades have seen a surge in natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, landslides, and so on, around the world, leaving a trail of destruction and homeless families. In addition, the number of refugees and internally displaced people affected by political and/or economic conflicts, some of which are armed, who are forced to flee their homes, is also increasing. These unusual types of events require a quick and efficient response from the State to support the affected population. In general, people who go through these types of situations are allocated at first to buildings with collective spaces such as schools, gymnasiums, churches and the like, which are a practical solution, but not ideal for people who are experiencing a time of fragility, since these spaces tend to become overcrowded and uncomfortable for those who take shelter there. With this in mind, this Final Graduation Work aims to develop a proposal of temporary shelter for people in emergency situations that is easy to assemble and transport, in order to promote a comfortable and suitable space for temporary housing. In order to carry out this work, theoretical research was done on emergency architecture, emergency situations, portable architecture, construction systems for emergency architecture, flexible housing and universal design, as well as the accomplishment of reference studies and elaboration of sketches and models to study the volumetry and structure of the shelter. The project focuses on reassembly, flexibility to adapt to different types of users as well as thermal and acoustic comfort related to Brazilian bioclimatic zones 08 and 03.