Plano discursivo em perspectiva funcional: mecanismos textual-discursivos e pragmáticos em artigos de opinião

Abstract

This research discusses the Discourse Plan category in opinion articles. The main purpose is to analyze how this category is structured and how this structure can be captured in terms of a continuity of figurivity/fundity, considering the textual-discourse and pragmatic domains. The work is based on North American Functional Linguistics, starting from what Hopper (1979) and Hopper and Thompson (1980) discuss about Discursive Plans, Haido's (1996) propositions for the treatment of figure/background dimensions, the notion of pragmatic (invited) inference according to Traugott and Dasher (2002) and the concept of (inter) subjectivity explored by Traugott (2010), in addition to the borrowed definitions of New Rhetoric studies, based on the assumptions of Perelman and Obbrechts-Tyteca (2005) on argumentation and Gestalt's conception from psychology (ENGELMANN, 2002). In methodological terms, this study was developed according to a quali-quantitative approach and the corpus analyzed consisted of twenty opinion articles published in the magazines Carta Capital and Veja in the first semester of 2018. The results, regarding the textual-discourse domain, shows that there are three levels of figuration, namely, figura principal, figura secundária and figura terciária, and four levels of fundity, which include fundo de justificativa, fundo de exemplificação ou testemunho (fundity level I), fundo de reiteração, fundo de contextualização (fundity level II), fundo de modalização (fundity level III) and fundo de digressão (fundity level IV); They also show that, regarding the distribution of the portions of texts analyzed based on the types of background, in general, the most frequent background is the fundo de justificativa. In this same domain, the results allowed to capture a figure/background continuum, starting from textual portions +figure to +background. Based on the findings, a textual plan for the opinion article was proposed from a functionalist perspective. Regarding the pragmatic domain, it was found that the integration of background types into the figure is related to interactional processes such as (inter)subjectivity and pragmatic (invited) inference.