Impactos econômicos e desempenho energético de alternativas construtivas em um projeto padrão de creche pública no clima de Natal/RN

Abstract

It is estimated that the energy saving potential in new buildings can reach 50% (PROCEL, 2015). Several studies carried out for the Natal-RN climate reinforce this trend and have demonstrated a vast potential for reducing energy consumption, in addition to identifying the significant influence of architectural or constructive features. However, a choice of architectural or constructive solutions based only on the potential of reducing energy consumption is very restricted. The support in economic criteria and the adherence to existing regulations, such as RTQ-C, make the decision-making process more comprehensive and appropriate. This dissertation deals with the analysis of the implementation of constructive alternatives in a public building project in the Natal/RN climate, based on the comparison of its economic impacts and energy performance. By means of computational simulations, it was analyzed the implementation of eight recurrent alternatives in two buildings of the type B PROINFÂNCIA/FNDE program project that have some conditioned rooms. The impacts on the reduction of the consumption of cooling energy, on the level of energy efficiency of the envelope by the RTQ-C and the economic feasibility were verified. Seven alternatives showed efficiency in reducing the consumption of cooling energy, with a reduction potential of up to approximately 26%. Only four of them raised the label from “B” to "A". Only four were feasible, which occurred much more due to the substitution of materials for cheaper ones than to the financial benefit of reducing energy consumption. In both buildings, the solution that most positively impacted the energy efficiency in relation to consumption and labeling (alternative "b": white colonial ceramic tile with precast slab ceiling) proved economically unfeasible. The alternative "c" (white colonial ceramic tile with plaster lining) was the only alternative that, in addition to being feasible, also reduced the consumption of both buildings and reached level "A" label, which also contributed to highlight the effectiveness of the use of light colors on the roof. It was concluded that the alternatives with better energy performance may not represent the best solutions of a project. In order to identify, in a more comprehensive way, the optimal solution, it must be considered economic analyzes that, as verified, were much more influenced by the cost of alternatives than by the reduction of consumption.