Análise de causa raiz e análise modal de falhas e efeitos em unidades de terapia intensiva: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Health services have increasingly incorporated new technologies and techniques accompanied by additional risk to patient safety. Patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are more susceptible to errors. Among the tools used in the world to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of these errors in health care, we highlight the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the application of RCA and FMEA tools for improving the quality of care in ICU. Systematic review of literature based on the PRISMA. We used the following data bases: Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane, WHOLIS, PAHO and EMBASE. The qualitative analysis of the articles was conducted by applying an adapted and abridged version of SQUIRE 2.0 guide. 1674 documents were recovered in searches and, after the relevant tests, 18 were included in the review articles. Of these, 16 were published between 2010 and 2016, 10 were developed in the United States, 11 were conducted in the Pediatric ICU or Neonatal, 16 used FMEA on different topics, 13 performed interventions for improvement of quality and of those, 12 have used indicators for measuring the improvement in reporting positive results. These data suggest concern with quality planning, it is important to highlight the use of indicators to measure the improvement of quality in most of the selected studies. This review underscores the importance of using these tools to improve the quality of care in the ICU, permeating the health institutions of behaviors that ensure more safety, contributing to the development of an organizational safety culture.