Fissuras labiopalatinas no Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados ao retardo do tratamento cirúrgico primário no Sistema Único de Saúde

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in Brazil and the effect of demographic factors and municipal socioeconomic indicators on the delay of primary surgical treatment of this morbidity in the Brazilian Health System (SUS), from 2009 to 2013. An ecological study was conducted using data from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian National Health System (DATASUS) and the Human Development Atlas of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). We included live births with cleft lip and palate from the 5,565 Brazilian municipalities in the years 2009 to 2013, registered in the National Live Birth System (SINASC), and patients with cleft lip and palate that performed lip and / or palate surgeries that appear in the records of the Hospital Information System of the Ministry of Health (SIH / SUS), in the same period. Prevalence rates of cleft lip and paltate for Brazil were calculated for five natural geographic regions and for the 27 federative units, with relation to each year and to the five years of the study. The treatment delay was evaluated using the ages recommended by the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (12 months for lip surgeries and 18 months for palatal surgeries). The data regarding the treatment delay were analyzed through descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, prevalence ratios and multilevel Poisson regression with robust variance. For all tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted. The results showed that the average prevalence of cleft lip and palate in the period was 5.86 per 10,000 live births, with important regional differences and between federative units. The prevalence of delay for lip primary surgeries was 66.4% and for palatal surgeries was 71.2%. The North and Northeast regions had the worst percentages of delay. Non-whites had a 27% greater probability of delay in cleft palate surgeries and 40% in cleft lip surgeries. The multilevel analysis identified the influence of race and of Municipal Human Development Index on the delay of primary lip surgery, and of Municipal Human Development Index and of Gini index on the delay of the palate surgery. The importance of social determination in the delay to primary surgeries of cleft lip and palate was evident.