Análise da expressão imuno-histoquímica do t-bet e ifn-gama em carcinomas epidermoides de lábio inferior e língua oral

Abstract

The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) has advanced in recent years and the understanding of molecular mechanisms has been fundamental. The study of markers such as T-bet, which is a specific cell transcription factor of the immune system, and IFN-γ, which is a cytokine participating in the innate immune response and specific immunity, are promising in the literature for better understanding of carcinoma behavior. In this research, 57 cases of OSCC were evaluated, 27 of them with lower lip and 30 with oral tongue of the Oral Pathology Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, being classified according to the histological grading of malignancy of the World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently subjected to immunohistochemistry and T-Bet was evaluated quantitatively and IFN-γ evaluated semi-quantitatively in both the parenchyma and stroma of the OSCC. We found that the LLSCC were classified mostly as well differentiated, while the moderately differentiated CEL were the most evidenced. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong cytoplasmic and nuclear labeling for T-Bet and IFN-γ in both the parenchyma and stroma of the OSCC. In this research, the immunohistochemical expression for T-Bet was higher in OTSCC compared to LLSCC showing a value of p = 0.001 when evaluating T-bet in the parenchyma separately and in the parenchyma and stroma. Already the percentage of immunoreactivity for IFN-γ was higher in LLSCC in relation to OTSCC with values of p = 0.049 and p = 0.040 when evaluated in stroma separately and parenchyma and stroma, respectively. The LLSCC showed a more efficient induction of Th1 response than the OTSCC, corroborating the distinct behavior of these lesions, with greater aggressiveness evident in the OTSCC.