Degradação termocatalítica do petróleo pesado utilizando sílica bimodal meso-macroporosa

Abstract

Petroleum is responsible for a large part of the energies and is currently used due to the intense consumption of its derivatives in fuel engines, industries and commercial products. In your exploration and production, you can obtain heavy oil, or what differentiated treatment is necessary to increase the production of light hydrocarbons, characteristics of oil derivatives with high commercial value. Using or creating catalytic in a fluidized bed, heavy petroleum can be found in lighter fractions, using hybrid catalysts, one of these catalysts is a bimodal mesomacroporous silica, being this promising material in this area, since it facilitates the mass transport process and decreases as broadcast permissions. Thus, the bimodal catalyst was synthesized and followed by impregnation with aluminum (Al), obtaining two types of bimodal materials, Si-BMM and Al, Si-BMM, characterized by technical techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (DRX), Absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region with Fourier transform (FT-IR), Nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS). In order to verify the catalytic activity, the heavy oil with API = 17.4 was mixed with 10% of the Si-BMM catalyst, as well as with 10% of Al, Si-BMM, then, after the thermogravimetric analysis observed process of thermal and catalytic degradation of heavy oil, using the kinetic model of the Ozawa Flynn Wall (OFW), obtaining the apparent activation energy of the decompositions. The result obtained by TG, provided a final calcination temperature of 550 °C for a sample SiBMM, or DRX, showing characteristics of a tetrahedral structure of (SiO4)n, adsorption isotherms and nitrogen desorption with characteristics of meso material - macrostructured, BET provided a surface area of 489 m2 /g, or the mapping via EDS showed the presence of metals in the bimodal materials and the SEM analysis of the visualized calcined material to visualize the characteristic effect arrangements of the material. By the kinetic study, used if the catalysts SiBMM and Al are used, Si-BMM showed low performance energy and performed excellent catalytic activity.