Saúde mental de sujeitos com deficiência visual sob a ótica dos determinantes sociais de saúde

Abstract

The movement in favor of the inclusion of people with disabilities experienced nowadays features a new look at the possibilities of life once made invisible. However, stands out in this setting one harmful context that regards to mental health endanger about living with a deficit in sensorial functions, especially the visually impaired. This situation breaches to the person psychical suffering and social deprivation, mangling their prospects for personal fulfillment, embraced, on a micro and macro-environment, constant interaction. In this sense, this research aims to analyze the contribution of social determinants of health in the daily lives of individuals with visual impairment, emphasizing an emphasis on mental health, identifying the difficulties perceived and coping strategies used in relation to their daily hardships. It is a descriptive and exploratory research that deals with a qualitative approach. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were guided with the visually handicapped people in the Ophthalmology Clinic of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL), between August and September 2015. The data were analyzed in the perspective of the thematic analysis method described by Minayo (2008). The matter of the chosen registration units have been inspired by the social health determination model, proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991). Thus, the following themes were organized: health and psychological suffering in the encounter with the action of ‘no-see’ in ways of living life; Autonomy and their daily challenges; Social interaction and their belonging networks; Values and culture in the standardization and stigmatization process; Education, its limits and possibilities; The work in contexts of experienced exclusion and social inclusion actions. The reflection of the information analyzed raises discussions about the persistence of adverse social factors to the full and effective inclusion process of normalizing attitudes generators. Therefore, the research reveals challenges to the management levels and to the whole society, to promote attention to the demands of social participation and respect for differences, in order to implement the principle of human dignity, a corollary of social diversity, reflected in ways of living life, proper to each one.