Transconstitucionalismo entre direito internacional penal e direito estatal: contribuições à resolução de problemas constitucionais na relação entre o Estatuto de Roma e a Constituição Federal

Abstract

Since the end of the last century, new theories, motivated by the quantitative and qualitative expansion of international law, have developed the study of the relations between domestic law and international law based on a heterarchical paradigm, among which transconstitutionalism, proposed by Marcelo Neves, stands out. Among the various possibilities of its application, there is the relationship between international criminal law, notably from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and Brazilian law, around, among others, the following constitutional problems: the application of the sentence of life imprisonment, considering its prediction in the Rome Statute and its prohibition in the Federal Constitution; the delivery of a national citizen for trial before the international court, in view of the prohibition of extradition provided in the constitutional text; the imprescriptibility of international crimes in the face of the interpretation made by the Federal Supreme Court regarding the reserve of ordinary law. In this sense, it is intended to investigate the capacity of transconstitutionalism to offer resolutions to such problems, as well as probable answers. For this purpose, classical theories of the relationship between international law and state law and their limitations will be analyzed; the transconstitutionalism and, in particular, its proposal of transversal rationality for the intertwining between the international and state legal systems; international criminal law and the order built around the Rome Statute, which instituted the ICC, notably its foundations, objectives and governing principles; and, finally, the incorporation of that treaty to the internal system and its legislative and jurisprudential consequences. Throughout the work, a bibliographical and documentary research was carried out, involving, notably, the texts of the lectures by Heinrich Triepel and Hans Kelsen given at the The Hague Academy of International Law (dualism and monism) and by Marcelo Neves (transconstitutionalism). Thus, it is expected to contribute to the construction, initiated by Marcelo Neves, of the methodology of transconstitutionalism, as well as, indirectly, to the development of heterarchical theories in general and studies between.