Simulações da temperatura do ar na superfície baseadas nos efeitos do fluxo de raios cósmicos galácticos sobre o balanço radiativo global

Abstract

This research had as main proposal the establishment and simulation of the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) role on the global energy balance in the Earth’s atmosphere, considering the performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) individually and together with the GCR fluxes. In this way, a modified version of the Global Resolved Energy Balance (GREB) climate model was developed, making it possible to simulate new scenarios. The new model is being called GREB-GCR. The results suggest that the joint action of GCR and CO2, Experiment 20 (EXP20), presented a better representation on the surface temperature when compared to the exclusive action of CO2, Experiment 12 (EXP12). This fact is mainly evidenced on the oceans. It was identified from the root mean square error (RMSE) that the EXP20 presented a spatially reduction of the error on the tropical region while compared to the EXP12. However, it is noteworthy that in both experiments the GREB-GCR model presented errors more significant on high altitude and Polar Regions. The calculated surface fields indicate that the GREB-GCR model can better simulate the surface air temperature considering anthropogenic (CO2) and natural (GCR) forcings. The model also points to a recent weakening of the global warming trend of recent decades, which is influenced by the GCR’s fluxes.