Bem-estar subjetivo sob a perspectiva da psicologia evolucionista e da psicologia positiva

Abstract

Subjective well-being (SWB) promotes benefits in the psychological, emotional and physical spheres. However, there are currently many obstacles to reaching BES, such as the excessive triggering of negative emotions brought about by the challenges of modern society. In this scenario, the Evolutionary Psychology (EP) can help to understand the evolved psychological mechanisms not only related to negative emotions, but also to understand the factors that have allowed wellbeing to evolve, offering contributions to maintain or increase it. In addition, Positive Psychology, an emerging field of knowledge that seeks to understand the healthy aspects of human beings, can be combined in the construction and maintenance of more positive feelings and emotions, which can minimize suffering psychic in both the short and long term. Therefore, the present study aimed to present an evolutionary view of the perception of subjective well-being, including an articulation with practices belonging to Positive Psychology. 105 volunteers of both sexes, aged between 18 and 63 years (M = 30.26 years; SD = 10.89) participated, who were recruited online and answered questionnaires to characterize positive affects, negative affects and satisfaction with life (domains of the subjective well-being scale), as well as personality traits, self-criticism and sociodemographic questionnaire. The participants were placed in one of the 4 research groups: the practice of gratitude, meditation of induction of positive affects, development of strengths of character and control group, to which they should perform an activity for 8 weeks. Women have more negative affects, selfcriticism and emotional instability when compared to men, corroborating the main findings in the literature. There was also a negative correlation between Extraversion and Rate of adherence to the survey and among the groups analyzed gratitude showed a greater tendency to continue the survey. These findings are important for understanding the factors related to well-being and also open new possibilities for future studies to be more successful in their attempts related to this theme.