Gestão de riscos prospectiva aplicada a erros de dispensação de medicamentos em um hospital universitário

Abstract

Introduction: health services have increasing use of complex technologies and processes that provide high risks for patient care. Prospective methods of identification and risk reduction can be helpful, but there is little description of your application in the Brazilian context. Objective: this study aims to analyze, identify and prioritize failures in the drug dispensing process in a university hospital, with proposals for actions to reduce the risk of prioritized failures. Method: it is a descriptive study, developed in a university hospital, using the HFMEA according to Veterans Affairs, implemented by multidisciplinary team for 3 months. They were identified and analyzed failure modes in the drug dispensing process, according to their severity and frequency, from the priority analysis of causes, management and monitoring of risks. Results: the highlights 21 ways to fail in dispensing drugs. Subprocesses with major failures were, in descending order, separation of the product (06), prepare the dose (06), evaluation of the prescription (03), unitarization of drugs and delivery of the dose (02), the drug release (01) and conference dose (01). Three of these failures were selected for analysis and intervention: "misidentification of medicine" (unitarization), "different separate drug's prescribed" (separation of the product) and "delay in dose delivery" (the drug release). After the analysis of the causes, we established some necessary interventions, namely: audit to assess adherence to the sub-process protocol "unitarization" and dissemination of results, construction of a standard operating protocol for storing medicines with sound and the like spelling and implementation of the security protocol in prescription, use and administration of medications. Conclusion: the study allowed us to analyze the process of dispensing drugs, where we identified the possible failures that could increase the risk of adverse events in this stage of the medication process. HFMEA was useful to assist multidisciplinary group better understand the weaknesses in the work process, which can help to faults, and assists in prioritizing corrective interventions and possible improvements to safety in dispensing drugs.