doctoralThesis
Classes sociais e eleições presidenciais no Brasil contemporâneo (2002-2010)
Fecha
2014-08-29Registro en:
RIBEIRO, Gustavo César de Macêdo. Classes sociais e eleições presidenciais no Brasil contemporâneo (2002-2010). 2014. 193f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Sociais) - Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2014.
Autor
Ribeiro, Gustavo César de Macêdo
Resumen
This work aims to analyze, in terms of class, the
social composition
of the
constituency of the presidential candidates of the Workers Party in 2002, 2006
and 2010 elections.
Such research object is constructed from a preliminary critical
debate with recent Brazilian electoral studies, especially the literature on the
infl
uence of social programs on voting and Singer’s formulations about the
lulismo
phenomenon. Incorporating advances and pointing out gaps in such research
efforts, is formulated a roadmap for empirical research constituted of three key
elements
-
the measure
ment of the dimensions of class structure in Brazilian
capitalism; the observation of material interests related to the constituents
locations of such structure; the development of measures of association between
the insertion in class groupings and indivi
dual voting behavior.
Based on the neo
-
Marxist approach of class analysis, especially as formulated by Wright, it is made
an adaptation of the typology formulated by such approach (mainly developed by
Santos to the Brazilian case) to the data available fro
m databases of censuses of
2000 and 2010.
This theoretical construct reveals that during the period
considered for the analysis, the structure of class
-
relations in Brazil became more
proletarized and consequently had a decrease of the dimensions of the de
stitute
class locations. In addition, it was found, in relation to the objective class interests,
widespread increments of economic welfare that allowed advances in relation to
the material conditions of the proletariat, without, however, incurring losses
to the
privileged class positions. Such changes in the structural sphere focused in
various ways on the political arena. Based on an adaptation to electoral analysis
of the concept of "class formation", also formulated by Wright, associated with the
use of
techniques of ecological inference (especially those proposed by King and
associates), it was possible to draw up an overview of class voting in period
studied. As main results, three general patterns of individual voting behavior,
related to each of the
three analyzed class groupings were identified
-
a
contraposition against PT candidates, by voters in privileged class locations; the
adhesion, recurring throughout the study period, of workers to Lula and Dilma
Rousseff; a favorable electoral shift unde
rtaken by economically deprived voters
in favor of those candidatures in the 2006 election.