masterThesis
Legados urbanos e suburbanos: analisando indicadores morfológicos de vitalidade urbana em duas vilas olímpicas certificadas pelo selo LEED-ND
Fecha
2019-04-26Registro en:
MARTINO, Nicholas Saraiva. Legados urbanos e suburbanos: analisando indicadores morfológicos de vitalidade urbana em duas vilas olímpicas certificadas pelo selo LEED-ND. 2019. 89f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2019.
Autor
Martino, Nicholas Saraiva
Resumen
The Olympic Villages built for the Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Pura
Condominium, IPC, 2016) and Vancouver (Southeast False Creek, SFC, 2010) were
both granted LEED-ND certification for sustainable neighbourhood developments
based on evaluation criteria devised to foster walkable, livable and sustainable
communities. Considering that the attainment of these qualities is partially dependent
on morphological and functional properties that facilitate movement, visibility and
encounters among people in public spaces – ingredients deemed to favour urban
vitality and liveliness – the purpose of this research was to verify how the design of
these LEED-ND certified Olympic villages facilitates or hinders the vitality of public
spaces, by assessing the incidence of urban vitality indicators across multiple spatial
scales. Firstly, the relation between the configuration of the street network and the
presence of daily destinations (banks, pharmacies, schools, etc.) were analyzed in Rio
de Janeiro and Vancouver in an attempt to to understand how these Olympic Villages
are inserted in the urban whole in terms of the use of walking as a mean of transport.
Indicators of accessibility, density and diversity, related to the concept of walkability,
were aggregated within a radius of 800m of each street segment within the
neighborhoods and their immediate surroundings. Secondly, maps of land use and
spatial integration were graphically juxtaposed, in an attempt to verify whether the
design of each development integrates or segregates different uses. Finally, maps of
the constitutivity of form (furniture, vegetation and access to buildings) were compared
to potential pedestrian movement patterns, expressed through georeferenced models
based on measures of spatial visibility and moveability. The different intentions
underlying each neighborhood plan are "printed" in their urban form in both cases.
While SFC was built on public lands to connect the city to the waterfront and
rehabilitate an abandoned industrial area, IPC was built on private land as a green and
leisure "island" that barely contributes to the urban vitality of its surroundings,
composed of poor infrastructure and informal communities. Patterns that indicate a
high potential of pedestrian movement in SFC arise from its relationship with the urban
whole, diversity of land uses and integration among buildings, public transport,
transportation corridors and waterfront. Meanwhile, the IPC is segregated both from
the city of Rio de Janeiro and from its immediate surroundings, resulting in an unequal
distribution of green and leisure spaces, highly integrated to those living inside the
condominium and little integrated to the surrounding communities. Findings in this
research also raise questions about the suitability of applying expensive accreditation
processes (such as LEED-ND) to evaluate concepts as broad and subjective as
"sustainability" or "smart growth".