Mobilidade intergeracional de ocupação das filhas de trabalhadoras domésticas nas grandes regiões brasileiras, 2014

Abstract

Historically, Brazil has always lived with inequality. On the one hand, it constitutes the absolute poverty of many and, on the other, the class advantages arising from the possession of capital from a restricted group. Between 2003 and 2014, social changes occurred in the country, creating opportunities for the least deprived groups and, in this context, studies on intergenerational mobility are extremely important. However, in Brazil, research has focused on measuring the indicators of social and occupational mobility of men, thus, the intergenerational mobility of women and the groups occupied by them are incipient in the national literature. Moreover, given the relative and absolute weight of domestic employment in total female occupations, the objective of this paper is to analyze the intergenerational mobility indicators of the occupation of the daughters of domestic workers, stratified by sociodemographic variables (cohorts of entry into the labor market and condition of migration) for the Great Brazilian Regions, in 2014. Therefore, the main source of information is the Supplement of Socio-occupational Mobility of the National Survey by Sample of Households (PNAD) of 2014. From the comparison between the occupational strata in the first and current work of the daughters in relation to the maternal condition, the findings show that the vast majority of the daughters of domestic workers achieved better occupations in relation to their mothers, in the five regions of Brazil in 2014. However, it was found that in the first job of the daughters, domestic work still presents itself in an expressive way as a gateway into the labor market, but in the current work of daughters in relation to their mothers, there was a significant reduction in those who were employed as domestic workers, and a considerable increase in the proportion of daughters who achieved upward intergenerational mobility. With regard to absolute mobility rates according to the labor market entry cohorts, the results show that in all cohorts, with the exception of those who entered between 1958 and 1969, in the North and South, most daughters in current work found better jobs than their mothers, with the highest figures for upward mobility being experienced by the 2006-2014 cohorts in the five regions in 2014. With regard to mobility indicators according to the condition of migration, with the exception of those who emigrated from the Midwest to the North, more than half of the interregional or intraregional migrant daughters achieved occupational growth at the destination. In addition, the notes of this dissertation corroborate that the social and inclusive changes triggered in the country, from 2003, were decisive on the possibilities of intergenerational rise of the socioeconomically less privileged groups, especially in the construction of new life trajectories for the daughters of domestic workers.