Intervenção educativa para prevenção da remoção não eletiva do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica em pediatria

Abstract

Peripherally inserted central catheter is a technology created as a strategy of humanization to assistance, since promotes a secure venous access for a prolonged period. To this, the use of this catheter requires from nursing staff knowledge and skill, with discussions and trainings aiming to improve praxis and to reduce occurrences that can damage the performance of this device. Objective: to evaluate the effect of an educative intervention to nurses and nurse technicians from a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in the improvement of theoretical knowledge related to the prevention of damage by the non-elective removal of the Peripherally inserted central catheter. Method: it consists in a almost-experimental study with a unique group, type before and after, in an educative intervention, based on problematization to nursing staff from Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a hospital-school in Natal/RN. The data related to the reasons for removing the catheter were taken from a record book present in the research scenario and those referring to the professionals' knowledge, were collected through the application of a questionnaire. The frequency of PICC losses due to complications was calculated by measuring the indicator. The Student's Paired T test was applied to compare differences in the mean of correct answers before and after the educational intervention, considering the significance level of 95% and the values of p <0.05 as significant. Results: 22 nursing professionals participated of this research (10 technicians and 12 nurses), most of the feminine gender (86.36%), with an average age of 36.5 years, and 12.8 years of profession, with an average of 5.3 years working on Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. After educative intervention, it points significative difference of knowledge, improving the ranking of nurse technicians from 5.30 to 9.10 and nurses from 11.83 to 20.67. The most different average score was in the questions related to the technic to realize flush and to preventive actions of infiltration/thrombosis/phlebitis, indications and contra-indications of insert catheter. As a result, the Good practices guide to the prevention of non-elective removal of the PICC is the product of this study, approaching preventive actions and management of complications. This research points too some priority cares, according to the point of view of participant nursing staff during educative activities, organized in a priority care list related to the use of this device, that will be showed to the hospital to post-analyze and insertion in the prescription of electronic nursing, to collaborate to the promotion of nursing systematizing care to use this catheter. Conclusion: the educative intervention was effective, becoming possible the plausibility of this research hypothesis, considering average score of knowledge that improve significantly after intervention. At last, this research aims this knowledge be effective in the care act, part of permanent education in health, and the application as the Good Practices Guide as the Priority Care List improve the development of practices of management of the catheter, consequently, decreasing the non-elective damage of this device.