Fixação do médico na atenção primária à saúde: uma perspectiva a partir do Programa de Valorização do Profissional da Atenção Básica

Abstract

The present study not only analyzed factors that led physicians to migrate from the Program to Value Primary Healthcare Professionals (PROVAB) to the More Physicians for Brazil Project (PMM), opting to continue as Primary Health Care (APS), but also aimed to analyze the insertion of the Doctor in Primary Health Care from PROVAB and the vision of users, managers, academic supervisors and the doctor himself.. It used a mixed methodology when contemplating qualitative and quantitative aspects in order to potentialize the diagnosis and to approach the researched phenomenon. Secondary data from the First Impressions Report (RPI) were used by physicians when they arrived at PROVAB. The Iramuteq software was used to analyze these data. To analyze the qualitative data collected from six focus groups, the content analysis technique was used, identifying the respective categories of thematic analyzes. Upon arriving at PROVAB, the doctor identified that the access of the user was hampered by an agenda organization that prioritized free demand and care by type of illness and life cycles, with a loss in the identification, listening and reception of the users' health needs. There were difficulties related to lack of material, inadequate infrastructure conditions and a routine of overloading health workers. In the training of these doctors there was a gap in the graduation course related to the APS, and the year of formation at PROVAB was configured as an aggregator of these competences, providing professional experience with autonomy, ability to work as a team and to work in permanent education in their territories qualifying care in APS. The physicians identified a differentiated posture regarding the listening and follow-up of users with a strong bond and commitment to care in the territory. It was verified that the access to health services and actions is influenced by the presence of the physician and the model of attention with emphasis on the health needs of the users and in the health promotion and education from the reception and humanized access, increasing the resolving capacity and the completeness of care. The management was a facilitator of this qualification process triggered by the program, and aspects such as sensitivity, flexibility and search for permanent qualification were observed, which allowed the promotion of a live work in an act, produced by the knowledge and know-how social workers involved in the Primary Health Care workforce. Finally, despite all the challenges faced by PROVAB throughout its course, it has had a unique contribution to the qualification of APS, contributing to the birth of a new logic of medical education in Brazil. Its effective contribution to the consolidation of the PMM, which is still under construction, is a major movement of resistance to the disarticulation and deconstruction of the SUS that happens daily in our country.