A Infância pobre e ideário republicano em Natal - De 1920 a 1930

Abstract

This monograph have the objective of analyze the political and socio-educational actions aimed at the poor child in Natal from 1920 to 1930. With this purpose, the object of study of this work are the actions aimed at poor children, present in the newspapers and official documents of the time Relevant socio-educational actions developed, institutions and intellectuals represented by them. Seeking to understand this object, the methodology of this study was composed of steps to be: online bibliographic survey on the subject; Documentary analysis of newspapers and official documents; A historiographic study of authors dedicated to research on the history of child care and education at both the national and local levels. The bibliographical references were composed by: authors of the area of History, like Le Goff (1990, 2003); Authors who are dedicated to the study of the history of education and child care, such as Gondra (2011) and Rizzini (1993, 2014); And finally, authors who are dedicated to the study of the history of the republican period in the city of Natal, for example Ferreira (2009, 2011) and Vieira (2008). Through the research, one notices the consolidation of a project of society from the nineteenth century, which had a vision of the world with objectives and ways of structuring its social and cultural relations. This understanding of the world had a conception of children influenced by the republic and hygienist movement, from this perspective were built actions aimed at children, even the poor. Childhood, at the beginning of the Republic, came to be seen as a phase that needed to be taken care of, for the good of the nation and the Republican progress depended on the building of a healthy, patriotic and civilized subject. The study shows that the city of Natal followed the Brazilian republican movement and the health reform, this was reflected in the way local society became to organize, something that is clearly noticeable in the political and social actions of the time Studied. During this work, it is noticeable that the research on the history of the educational partner processes focused on poor childhood is important, because processes of domination of the past still resist the advances of society. In this perspective, the contribution to the discussion of educational actions and socio- educational processes was one of the reasons for this work.