A produção do espaço geográfico e o turismo: texturas, polifonia e interditos na Costa do Dendê, Bahia

Abstract

This work deals with the process of production of geographic space and tourism in Costa do Dendê, Bahia, Brazil, having as the central discussion the debate about textures, polyphonies and interdictions within this process. The theoretical framework in this thesis is based in with Lefebvre’s theory on the reading of the production of space process and its conceived/ perceived/ lived triad. This discussion refers to space as a product of the reproduction of life and of the capitalist production in terms of an uneven and combined development; a theme that involves conceptions and actions about geographical space and which confers values, regarding Marx’s perspective on the use and the exchange of value. In this case, tourism planning has direct consequences on how this activity is reproduced in its materialities, uses and appropriations, and even presents, from the reading of the uneven geographic development, other possible achievements in space and their materiality/practices and isotopic/heterotopic/utopian uses, being loaded with intentionality, as presented in the Costa do Dendê. Based on this assumption, the Costa do Dendê’s region presents a vast field for the analysis of material and social morphologies present in the process of (re)production of the geographical space, of which the tourism is part; enabling through the experiences present in this universe of analysis, (re) think planning and actions that address social justice. The starting point of the debate is the recognition of the diversity that makes up the geographical space (and its production) in its multiple scales, which in the case study of Costa do Dendê permeates the regional and the municipal and it is about the tourism. This thesis’ chapters refer to the triadic movement to analyze the process of producing space in Costa do Dendê, passing through the analysis of the process of valorization of space, mediated by the exchange / use / value relationship; culminating in the analysis of the spatial instances (conceived / perceived / lived), directing the analyzes of how the (re) production of Costa do Dendê has been taking place, as well as the projection of scenarios, contextualized through discussions about isotopy, heterotopia and utopia. From the path taken, the question was answered: on what basis is the tourism performed in the process of production the geographical space of Costa do Dendê? What are the possibilities concerning actions which are directed to the heterotopic plan, regarding uneven geographical development? Through the analysis now presented, the thesis was confirmed that such activity, in its entirety in the process of production of geographic space, reproduces cohesion in different morphologies and appropriations, configuring isotopes, heterotopias and the possibilities of transformation by the human capacity to project others futures, expressed in the different logics of planning and reflection of such practices in the plan of life, of encounters and disagreements between tourists and indigenous people, of state and business action. These readings were performed through the observation of isotopic, heterotopic and utopian materiality’s and practices, which follow, respectively, unitary and diverse logics, directly linked to capitalist action and social reproduction; an approach contextualized here with the study of the tourism in Costa do Dendê’s region.