Efeitos do extrato de Allium cepa L. e S-Metilcisteína na morfologia do duodeno de ratos com diabetes induzidos por estreptozotocina

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a worldwide epidemic with an estimated increase for the coming decades. It is a metabolic disorder that can occur in different ways, with DM1 being the focus of this study. Characterized as being an autoimmune disease triggered by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells with consequent insulin deficit. The hyperglycemia generated by the lack of this hormone leads to hyperglycemia that in turn causes several damages to tissues and organs, compromising the quality of life of the patient. In view of this problem, the objective of this study is to evaluate the possible attenuating or reversing effects of the extract of Allium cepa 1 and S-methylcysteine on the duodenal morphological alterations due to DM1. For this purpose 35 male Wistars rats, aged 90 days and weighing between 250 and 300 g were used. The sample was divided into four groups: C (control), D (diabetic without treatment), DSM (diabetic treated with S-methylcysteine) and DAC (diabetic treated with Allium cepa L extract). The experimental period lasted thirty days. After that, euthanasia was performed to remove the samples. These were fixed in 4% paraformoldehyde to follow routine histological processing with HE staining and subsequent morphometric and stereological analyzes to determine the duodenal volume by the Cavalieri principle, the proportion occupied by the layers of the duodenum by the Delesse principle, and the absolute volume. Blood collection was also performed to analyze glycemia and the profile of pro-inflammatory (IL-1B and IL-6) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokines present in serum. The treatments used reduced blood glucose, polydipsia and polyphagia in the DSM and CAD groups compared to group D, but it was not beneficial in weight loss. As for the increase in wall reference volume, volume density per sublayer and absolute value of the duodenum in the diabetic groups, S-methylcysteine had a better effect reducing the damage caused by DM1. In the cytokine analysis the extract had a non-significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B and IL-6, whereas smethylcysteine reinforced the anti-inflammatory activity of IL-10. From the results, it was concluded that the treatments were able to reduce glycemia, polydipsia, polyphagia and partially reverse the morphological alterations, mainly related to the mucosa and submucosa, and to act positively on the IL10 cytokine profile present in the serum. Thus, it can be concluded that the therapeutic intervention with Allium cepa L and mainly with S-methylcysteine can function as an alternative or adjuvant in the treatment of diabetes having benefits both preclinical and duodenal tissue level.