masterThesis
A influência da relevância social no viés de grupo
Fecha
2015-06-05Registro en:
OLIVEIRA, Eduardo Bitencourt de. A influência da relevância social no viés de grupo. 2015. 85f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicobiologia) - Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2015.
Autor
Oliveira, Eduardo Bitencourt de
Resumen
Behaviors found in every culture, general human tendencies, are knew in Evolutionary
Psychology as evolved psychological mechanisms. Those behaviors date back the
Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness, and a well know example of such behavior is the
group bias (or intergroup bias). This bias consists of recognizing members of your own group
and favor them, while disregarding or even harming outsiders. This behavior was and still is
extensively studies, among the most important conclusions about this phenomenon is the
Minimal Groups Paradigm, in which it was discovered that the group bias could trigger even
when the groupings were done in following very arbitrary criteria. In the current study, our
goal was to test if the participants, when playing an economic game, would behave in a
similar fashion under a minimal group situation and real groups, with social meaning. With
this in mind we made two experimental conditions, a Low Social Meaning one (LSM) where
the groups were represented by letters (H, B, O and Y) in which participants would be
ramdomly assorted to each group; and the High Social Meaning condition (HSM) in which
religion was used as a group marker, containing the two most dominating religious groups in
Brazil, catholic and evangelic, another group containing all the other affiliations e the fourth
and last group representing atheists and agnostics. The ratio of donations in-group/out-group
was roughly the same across both conditions. However, the amount of wafers donated to ingroup
was significantly bigger in the HSM condition. By verifying which aspects of the
individual best predicted the observed group bias, we discovered that the in-group Entitativity
perception as well as the Group Identification were the most relevant variables, however, only
in the HSM condition. Simultaneously, by verifying the generosity, biased or not, we
observed that the agreeableness personality factor was the only variable able to predict it, and
only in the LSM condition. We conclude that our generosity, or the lack of it, is for most part defined by our personality, the Agreeableness factor in particular. But this very generosity can
be biased by the social meaning of the involved groups and that, if the social meaning is big
enough, even people who, thanks to their personality, normally wouldn’t show generosity, are
able to do so when the receiver is an in-group member.