Impacto do treinamento funcional nas variáveis morfofuncionais de pessoas com deficiência intelectual

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: most people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have their balance affected when compared to people without ID, these problems with postural balance begin when individuals are still young and remain lifelong. People with ID have a combined prevalence of mobility limitations, among them, the balance, which obtained variations from 3 to 63%. The explanations for such results are related to the differences between populations and disabilities, including the distribution of age, sex and ID level. OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of functional training on people with disabilities’ morphofunctional variables. METHODS: this research is characterized as longitudinal. 14 individuals aged between 17 and 43 years, 11 men and 3 women were evaluated. All submitted to 12 weeks of intervention through the Functional Training methodology. They were evaluated in the bipodal condition with vision (BPCV), the components of postural control: the average amplitude of the anteroposterior oscillation, the average amplitude of the medial-lateral oscillation and the area, in the pre-intervention, post-intervention and non-training periods. These measurements were performed in Triaxial Force Platform, Cefise. Body mass index, fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass and fat-free mass were calculated for the body composition. These measures were performed in the Lunar DXA (GE Healthcare) densitometer. For manual gripping strength, it was used dynamometer grip (Jamar) and for evaluation of upper body strength, it was used the isometric push-up test. Descriptive statistics were used with individualized values for the studied variables, with the average and standard deviation to a significance level of p < 0.05. For the hypothesis test between the conditions Δ training and Δ no training, the Mann-Whitney test was utilized. RESULTS: for the postural control, no statistical difference was observed in the conditions evaluated, however, the individual results should be considered primarily in the data of variable area. For the body composition, a statistical difference was observed in percentage of fat %G (p = 0.04) and in fat mass MG (p = 0.01). For manual gripping strength, a statistically significant difference was noted in Δ in the right hand (p = 0.03) and in Δ in the left hand (p = 0.01), as well as a statistically significant difference in the Δ of isometric push-up test (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: among the findings of this study, it is emphasized that the individual strategies in the evaluation and in the intervention, as well as the individual particularities on the improvement of the components of the postural control, corporal composition and strength had a positive repercussion in the ADL. This way, the trajectory related to the evaluation and intervention processes may have benefits for Activities of Daily Living involving the postural control of this subject population, as well as supporting new research.