O envelhecimento da classe trabalhadora e as políticas habitacionais no Brasil: uma análise acerca dos condomínios exclusivos para as pessoas idosas

Abstract

This study proposes to relate issues that permeate the Brazilian population aging, as well as the access to housing experienced by this part of the population and the discussions about the reproduction of the labor force in the capitalist mode of production. In this prism of approach, we intend to analyze the social function of exclusive condominiums for the elderly in Brazil and its relation with the reproduction of the work force in contemporary capitalist society. Specific objectives include: 1) To examine the relationship between social policies and the rights of the elderly population with a focus on the relationship between labor, the market and the state; 2) Learn the right to housing for the elderly population in the Brazilian capitalist state; 3) Identify the historical, economic, social and political determinants of housing policy for the elderly in Brazil in the Exclusive Condominium mode. The method used was the dialectical historical materialist, from the perspective of a successive approximation with the multiple and real determinations, in order to enable an analysis that contemplates the particularities, singularities and universality of the object in question, using the qualitative approach, whose bibliographical research and documentary, was of fundamental importance. The work is divided into four chapters and has as its scope the condominiums aimed specifically at the working class (considered as non-economically active population), which have been in vogue in the country since 2007, among which stand out: Vila dos Idosos Program Pari I; Recanto Feliz and Vila Dignity Program (present in the municipalities: Itapeva and Avaré), both in the State of São Paulo and the Cidade Madura Program in the State of Paraiba, which had its first unit inaugurated in 2014, and currently has 06 units in the following locations.: João Pessoa, Campina Grande, Cajazeiras, Guarabira, Sousa and Patos. Two points guided the study around exclusive condominiums; The first concerns access criteria, since both in the state of São Paulo and in the state of Paraiba, they delimit / restrict based on financial income (but also age); The second point concerns the close connection between this intervention and the measures adopted from the discussions about the aging of the working class and the permanent exploitation of its workforce. The second point is the close connection between this intervention and the measures adopted from the discussions about the aging of the working class and the permanent exploitation of its workforce. To this end, since the Federal Constitution of 1988, the National Policy of the Elderly (PNI), the Statute of the Elderly, as well as: the International Plan of Aging, published in 2003 and, two years later Active Aging: a Health Policy, reflect the international discussions about the phenomenon of population increase, especially in countries called “developing”, whose main objective is to propose actions to keep this part of the population economically active, that is, to remain a seller of its job. In this sense, it is demonstrated that from the identification of the population increase of the working class, and under this justification, the State, through various interventions (including housing policies aimed at the elderly population), promotes the proliferation of actions that they are intended solely and exclusively to enable the exploitation of the labor force to be further expanded and expanded.