Análise de impactos na rede de distribuição de energia elétrica decorrentes da inserção de sistemas de geração fotovoltaicos

Abstract

Currently, incentives for clean energy generation have been increasing considerably due to the limitation of fossil fuels, until then used in abundance. In parallel, distributed generations increase with the reduction of the taxes of the embedded components of the renewable energy sources. However, the power quality (PQ) has been severely affected by the increasing number of these types of energy sources connected to low voltage distribution networks. In this dissertation, the impact on the utility grid will be evaluated under varying levels of a photovoltaic system penetration. A 9 kWp photovoltaic plant, composed of three system topologies connected to a 15 kVA substation common coupling point, will be carried out: a 8 kWp three-phase fixed topology and a 1 kWp fixed single phase. These photovoltaic systems are power electronics based devices, such as inverters constructed from semiconductor switches, which, due to their construction and operation, affect the waveform of the electrical voltage and current, deteriorating the PQ. From the analysis of PQ indices, obtained by means of discrete Fourier transform, for power characteristics, voltage and current harmonics, imbalanced levels among system phases and power factor regulation, an analysis of the impact generated by the photovoltaic plant at its point of connection with the utility grid will be performed. The indices will be analyzed and compared to the standards established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in order to evaluate the impact caused by the connection of the photovoltaic system at the PCC.