Desfechos mais graves da COVID-19 em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 diagnosticados e hospitalizados com a doença: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), had its initial outbreak in late 2019 in China and spread around the world quickly, resulting in a global pandemic decreed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In several studies, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is considered to be one of the most commonly reported comorbidities in patients with severe COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate, through a review of the literature, whether type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed and hospitalized with COVID-19 would have more severe disease outcomes caused by SARS-COV-2. The literature search was conducted between the months of October/2021 and January/2022 in the following databases: National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). In the search was used the following descriptors in English: "Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19" and in Portuguese “Diabetes mellitus e Covid-19”. Initially 3,102 scientific articles were found and after the selection steps following a standardized protocol, 20 papers were included. All articles used RT-PCR to diagnose COVID-19 and several laboratory parameters were observed among hospitalized patients. Worse clinical outcomes and increased biochemical parameters such as D-dimer, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and ferritin indicated a poor prognosis of COVID-19. The type 2 diabetes mellitus was seen as an important risk factor for more severe outcomes of COVID-19 which may be due to a combination of several immunological and metabolic mechanisms. However, there is divergence among published scientific articles, as to the relationship between diabetes and the severityof COVID-19, and, because, of this further studies are needed to elucidate the factors involved.