Os direitos à cidadania no governo de Djalma Maranhão (1956-1964)

Abstract

The historical reflection on the Plan for the Eradication of Illiteracy, which led to the creation of educational and educative institutions, in the successive governments of Mayor Djalma Maranhão (1956-1959 and 1960-1964), gives visibility to the supreme pretension of this government to democratize education and culture as a universal right of the people of the pedagogical municipality of Natal, as well as to the anti-imperialist struggle, that are implicated in these governmental actions. The rigorous writing of this thesis has led to the documentary corpus of research (government messages, national, state and municipal educational legislation, bulletins of the Department of Education and Culture, demographic census, statistical yearbooks, newspaper articles, books, among others) and to the theoretical-methodological referential, anchored, essentially, in the conception of educational and educative institutions from Magalhães, Gatti Júnior and Saviani. The research that concerns to the subject (intersections between educational and educative institutions, pedagogical municipality and citizenship rights) has chosen as object of study the symbolic universe of social rights and political equality of the Plan for the Eradication of Illiteracy and the Campaign for Democratization of Culture, and was guided by the primary objective of analyzing the range of this symbolic universe of social rights and political equality in the projects and school and cultural practices of Schools, the Municipal Gymnasium of Natal, Barn Schools of the Scholar Camps and Center for Teacher Training of the Foot-in-the-Ground We Can Also Learn to Read Campaign, in the period from 1956 (beginning of the first municipal government of Djalma Maranhão) to 1964 (the end of the second municipal government of Djalma Maranhão, due to the coup d’état of April 1, 1964). The supported thesis is that the history of the Plan for the Eradication of Illiteracy and the Campaign for Democratization of Culture and its respective educational and cultural institutions represents the history of a political project, intrinsic to the public sphere, took to its final and radical conclusions during the governments of Djalma Maranhão in the municipality of Natal. The final observation is that the history of the educational and educative institutions of the pedagogical municipality of Natal is not only the history of the right way to democratize education and popular and erudite culture but also the unfinished history (due to the 1964 coup d'état) of the universal right to education and culture, as the pure essence of democracy.