Impactos ambientais de empreendimentos eólicos offshore: proposta de programas para o gerenciamento

Abstract

The diversity and availability of natural resources give Brazil excellent opportunities to develop in a sustainable way, combining economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation. In this context, electricity plays a fundamental role in this development. The government's strategy to meet the increase in energy demand is the transition from the predominantly fossil matrix to an energy matrix of clean and renewable sources. Due to the accelerated technological development of the turbine, offshore wind energy appears as a viable option already explored in several countries. Offshore wind farms allow the use of turbines with greater power than on land, use of an unexplored maritime area, in addition to other advantages. The objective of the research is to propose programs for managing the environmental impacts of the environmental impacts of offshore wind projects in Brazil. The research method is characterized as descriptive, of an applied nature, with inductive logical argumentation, with a qualitative approach and carrying out case studies. The research procedure included three stages: theoretical research, conducting case studies and systematizing the proposal. As a result, environmental impact management programs arepresented with the aim of reducing negative impacts and enhancing the positive impacts of offshore wind farms. The programs were systematized according to the macro-phases of the life cycle of an offshore wind project: installation, operation and maintenance and decommissioning. The proposal contributes so that the management of environmental impacts is better understood and managed by offshore wind farms entrepreneurs and by technicians from regulatory institutions.