Prevalência e fatores de risco da apneia obstrutiva do sono na população geral: uma meta-análise e metarregressão

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population and its risk factors. Methods: An electronic search was performed using six electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus e Web of Science, in addition to a gray literature search. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed for studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of proportions with a random effects model was performed, and heterogeneity was explored according to the moderating variable through subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The methodology of the included studies was assessed using the ferramenta Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results: Ninety-nine articles were included for qualitative synthesis and ninety-eight articles were included for the meta-analysis. The estimated combined prevalence was 54% [CI 95% = 46% – 62%; I2 = 100%]. When meta-regressed, mean age, % of moderate-severe cases and the sample's body mass index (BMI) had no influence on the existing heterogeneity (p > 0.05). The risk of bias was considered low for ninety-one studies, and eight were classified as having moderate risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence were considered very low for OSA prevalence outcome. Conclusion: About one in two people has OSA in the general population. Although the literature mentions high BMI, increased age and male gender as risk factors, these co-variables did not influence the existing heterogeneity